Abstract Background With the increasing demand brought on by the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution in the period of post-digital education and bio-digital technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has played a pivotal role in supporting human intelligence and contributing to intellectuals within science, technology, science, and mathemat

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a fast and non-destructive analytical method.Combined with chemometrics, it is a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries.This method can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of medicines, foods and other daily products.At the same time, IR spectroscopy is bec

Woody debris (WD), including coarse woody debris (CWD) and fine woody debris (FWD), is an essential structural and functional component of forest ecosystems.This study was carried out in Caspian hardwood forest sites.In this study, the volume and composition of WD were inventoried by line intersect sampling and fixed area plot sampling in unmanaged

Experts code latent quantities for many influential political science Furniture datasets.Although scholars are aware of the importance of accounting for variation in expert reliability when aggregating such data, they have not systematically explored either the factors affecting expert reliability or the degree to which these factors influence esti